| نمونه مقاله انگلیسی |
IntroductionBudget and budgetary control constitute important and fundamental management and internal control systems enterprise could use for effective and efficient resource allocation. Budgeting is not only about rolling out a financial plan containing cost and revenue targets to responsibility centers in an organization, but it is also a management tool for planning, control, coordination, motivation, communication, efficiency management and resource allocation (Otley, 1999; Hansen & Van der Stede, 2004; Libby & Lindsay, 2010; Gustaf & Sven, 2016). The role that effective budgeting plays in the management of a business is best understood when it is related to the fundamentals of management. The many existing definitions of business management can be expressed in terms of five major functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling (Drucker, 1955). Management must first plan. The plan is executed by organizing, staffing, and directing operations. To control operations, management must institute appropriate techniques of observation and reporting to determine how actual results compare to plans. The summary of it is that management is about decision making in relation to resource allocation for the achievement of the organizational objectives ((Shields, Deng, and Kato, 2000) and budgeting is one of the main tools which management can rely on to efficiently allocate resources. Increasingly, firms are constraint as to the amount of resources available to achieve their objective of wealth maximization. Resources in the form of financial and human are limited in supply and enterprises should therefore develop the means of allocating these limited resources efficiently. It is therefore expected that budgeting if carefully implemented can help organizations to efficiently allocate resources. However, budgeting if implemented in isolation can’t achieve intended purpose. It is therefore being proposed that budgeting should be linked to other mechanism, i.e. performance management so as to achieve the desire results. According to Al Bento and Lourdes Ferreira White (2006), performance management involves budgeting, performance evaluation, and incentive compensation which are all geared towards resources allocation within an organization. |
